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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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Functional non-coding RNAs derived from the flavivirus 3' untranslated region.

B D Clarke¹, J A Roby¹, A Slonchak¹

¹Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.

|February 10, 2015

Summary

Flaviviruses generate non-coding RNAs from their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). These RNAs, including subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) and microRNAs, play key roles in virus replication and host immune response.

Keywords:

3′ untranslated region Flavivirus microRNA sfRNA

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Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
RNA Biology

Background:

Flaviviruses are RNA viruses causing significant human diseases like dengue and West Nile fever.
These viruses produce non-coding RNAs from their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the generation mechanisms and functions of flaviviral 3'UTR-derived non-coding RNAs.
To summarize data on sfRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs) in flavivirus-infected hosts.

Main Methods:

Review of published studies on West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV).
Analysis of RNA structural elements and cellular exoribonuclease interactions in sfRNA biogenesis.
Examination of miRNA biogenesis and function in viral replication and host response.

Main Results:

sfRNA is produced by incomplete degradation of viral genomic RNA by XRN1.
sfRNA modulates mRNA decay, RNAi pathways, and type I interferon response.
3'UTR-derived miRNAs, including KUN-miR-1 and vsRNA5, are involved in viral replication and host interactions.

Conclusions:

Flaviviral 3'UTR-derived non-coding RNAs are crucial for viral pathogenesis.
Understanding these RNAs offers potential targets for antiviral strategies.