Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 17, 2026
12:20
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
Published on: December 29, 2015
22.2K
Functional non-coding RNAs derived from the flavivirus 3' untranslated region
B D Clarke1, J A Roby1, A Slonchak1
1Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Virus Research
|February 10, 2015
Summary
Flaviviruses generate non-coding RNAs from their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). These RNAs, including subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) and microRNAs, play key roles in virus replication and host immune response.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- RNA Biology
Background:
- Flaviviruses are RNA viruses causing significant human diseases like dengue and West Nile fever.
- These viruses produce non-coding RNAs from their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the generation mechanisms and functions of flaviviral 3'UTR-derived non-coding RNAs.
- To summarize data on sfRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs) in flavivirus-infected hosts.
Main Methods:
- Review of published studies on West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV).
- Analysis of RNA structural elements and cellular exoribonuclease interactions in sfRNA biogenesis.
- Examination of miRNA biogenesis and function in viral replication and host response.
Main Results:
- sfRNA is produced by incomplete degradation of viral genomic RNA by XRN1.
- sfRNA modulates mRNA decay, RNAi pathways, and type I interferon response.
- 3'UTR-derived miRNAs, including KUN-miR-1 and vsRNA5, are involved in viral replication and host interactions.
Conclusions:
- Flaviviral 3'UTR-derived non-coding RNAs are crucial for viral pathogenesis.
- Understanding these RNAs offers potential targets for antiviral strategies.
More Related Videos
09:13Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
Published on: November 1, 2011
18.2K
11:40Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
Published on: April 17, 2020
9.6K
Related Concept Videos
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.4K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.4K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.9K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.9K
03:18Non-LTR Retrotransposons
14.1K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
14.1K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
19.1K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
19.1K
02:57piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
7.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.9K
03:08LTR Retrotransposons
20.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
20.6K