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Static yields and quality issues: Is the agri-environment program the primary driver?

Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio1, Tapio Salo, Lauri Jauhiainen

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Finland's agri-environmental program (AEP) reduced nitrogen use, increasing the yield gap in spring cereals. While phosphorus use remained stable, overall agricultural changes impacted yields and quality, necessitating further sustainability assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • The Finnish agri-environmental program (AEP) has operated for two decades with high farmer participation (>90%).
  • Long-term agricultural practices and economic factors influence crop yields and quality.
  • Assessing the impact of environmental policies on agricultural productivity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use under the AEP on spring cereal yields and quality.
  • To analyze the gap between genetic yield potential and actual attained yields over 20 years of the AEP.
  • To understand the interplay of AEP, market prices, and subsidies on farming practices and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of comprehensive follow-up studies and long-term field experiments in Finland.
  • Statistical evaluation of spring cereal yield and quality data in relation to N and P application rates.
  • Comparative analysis of agricultural practices, economic drivers, and policy impacts over 20 years.

Main Results:

  • The gap between genetic yield potential and attained yield widened significantly after the AEP implementation.
  • Reduced N application was observed, but P use remained largely unchanged.
  • Yields stagnated or declined, with adverse effects on quality, alongside increased N removal and decreased residual N.

Conclusions:

  • The AEP, alongside other agricultural changes, contributed to increased yield gaps and altered N dynamics in Finnish spring cereals.
  • Further research is essential to determine the long-term environmental, economic, and social sustainability of these agricultural shifts.
  • Sustainable intensification offers a potential framework for balancing environmental goals with productivity in Northern European agriculture.