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Related Concept Videos

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Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Concomitant persistent left superior vena cava and horseshoe kidney.

Faraz Jaffer1, Vijay Chandiramani1

  • 1University of Arizona, South Campus, Tucson, AZ 85715, USA.

Case Reports in Nephrology
|February 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The rare coexistence of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and horseshoe kidney (HSK) was identified in a patient with liver cirrhosis. This case highlights the importance of recognizing these congenital anomalies during medical evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and horseshoe kidney (HSK) are recognized congenital abnormalities.
  • While individually common, their simultaneous occurrence in a single patient is exceptionally rare.
  • Congenital anomalies can impact patient management, particularly in complex cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the extremely rare coexistence of PLSVC and HSK in a single patient.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and management considerations in such a rare case.
  • To contribute to the limited literature on combined congenital anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with hepatitis C cirrhosis and acute renal failure.
  • Review of imaging studies to identify congenital abnormalities.
  • X-ray fluoroscopy guided tunneled venous catheter placement for hemodialysis.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with worsening liver dysfunction and acute renal failure secondary to hepatorenal syndrome.
  • Imaging studies revealed the coexisting presence of PLSVC and HSK.
  • PLSVC was noted to be incidental, with no apparent physiological dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The coexistence of PLSVC and HSK is a rare finding.
  • While PLSVC is often incidental in adults, HSK is the most common renal fusion anomaly.
  • The etiology of coexistent PLSVC and HSK remains unknown, warranting further investigation.