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ACE and ACE2 in kidney disease
Sonoo Mizuiri1, Yasushi Ohashi1
1Sonoo Mizuiri, Department of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima-Shi 731-5134, Japan.
World Journal of Nephrology
|February 10, 2015
Summary
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involves two key axes: the classical ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and the counteracting ACE2-Ang 1-7-Mas axis. Understanding these pathways is crucial for managing kidney disease progression.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation significantly impacts renal disease progression.
- The classical angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (Ang II)-Ang II type 1 (AT1) axis is a primary regulator of RAS effects in kidney disease.
- The discovery of ACE2 has revealed its significant role in modulating the RAS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent human and animal studies on renal ACE and ACE2.
- To elucidate the complex interactions between ACE and ACE2 in regulating Ang II synthesis and catabolism.
- To highlight the counteracting roles of the ACE-Ang II-AT1 and ACE2-Ang 1-7-Mas axes in renal physiology and disease.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent human and animal studies.
- Analysis of the expression and function of ACE and ACE2 in renal tissues.
- Examination of the biochemical pathways involving Ang I, Ang II, Ang 1-9, and Ang 1-7.
Main Results:
- ACE2 is expressed in renal proximal tubules and glomeruli.
- ACE2 synthesizes Ang 1-9 from Ang I and catabolizes Ang II to Ang 1-7.
- Ang 1-7 exhibits renoprotective effects by reducing vasoconstriction, water retention, and oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- The ACE2-Ang 1-7-Mas axis acts as a counterbalance to the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis.
- ACE2 plays a critical role in RAS modulation and possesses renoprotective properties.
- Further research into renal ACE and ACE2 is essential for understanding and treating kidney diseases.
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