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Relationship between periodontal diseases and preterm birth: Recent epidemiological and biological data

Moneet Walia1, Navdeep Saini2

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research
|February 10, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Maternal periodontal disease is linked to preterm birth. Early detection and treatment of gum disease in pregnant women can help prevent premature delivery, especially for those at high risk.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Periodontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth affects approximately 9.6% of global births, with significant regional variations.
  • A link between maternal periodontal disease and preterm birth was first reported in 1996.
  • Despite efforts, preterm birth rates remain a concern worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current epidemiological and biological data on the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and preterm birth.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which periodontal bacteria may impact pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted on Google and PubMed, focusing on recent articles.
  • Review of epidemiological and biological data linking periodontal disease to pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Three primary hypotheses explain how periodontal bacteria may affect pregnancy: bacterial spreading, inflammatory product dissemination, and fetomaternal immune response.
  • Evidence suggests a connection between maternal oral health and the risk of preterm delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and treatment of periodontal disease in women of reproductive age, before and during pregnancy, are crucial.
  • Interventions targeting periodontal health may reduce the incidence of preterm birth, particularly in at-risk populations.

Keywords:
Diseaseinfantperiodontalpreterm

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