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Age differences in strategy selection and risk preference during risk-based decision making.

Rachel D Samson1, Anu Venkatesh1, Adam W Lester1

  • 1Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona.

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Aging alters decision-making in rats, increasing risk aversion and sensitivity to losses. Aged rats favored certain rewards, unlike young rats who adapted their choices based on probabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Decision-making processes are influenced by aging, affecting choices based on risk and certainty.
  • Understanding age-related changes in decision-making is crucial for characterizing cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how aging impacts decision-making strategies in Fischer 344 rats using probabilistic discounting tasks.
  • To determine if aged rats exhibit increased risk aversion or altered responses to reward probabilities compared to young rats.

Main Methods:

  • Young and aged Fischer 344 rats performed probabilistic discounting tasks with manipulated reward magnitudes and probabilities.
  • Behavioral strategies were analyzed, including choices between large/uncertain and small/certain rewards.
  • Lose-shift analysis was employed to assess sensitivity to negative feedback.

Main Results:

  • Aged rats predominantly adopted a strategy favoring small, certain rewards, indicating increased risk aversion.
  • Young rats exhibited two strategies: one disregarding probability, the other adapting to odds.
  • Aged rats showed heightened sensitivity to losses (negative feedback) but not to wins, suggesting selective impact of aging on loss processing.

Conclusions:

  • Aging in rats leads to increased risk aversion and a bias towards certainty, potentially linked to emotion regulation differences.
  • Older rats demonstrate heightened sensitivity to negative outcomes, a key aspect of age-related decision-making changes.
  • These findings align with human studies on aging, decision-making, and risk perception.