Ovarian development of the female child and adolescent: I. Morphology

Ovarian morphology of 180 randomly selected females, aged 8-21, was investigated, utilizing standard sector scanning ultrasound techniques, at -1 year (1 year before menarche), year 0 (menarche) and years +1 to +8 (1-8 years postmenarche). According to strict morphologic criteria, seven ovarian patterns were recognized which varied in dominance with age in reference to menarche. Prior to menarche a multifollicular ovarian pattern (Type 1) dominates which after menarche is substituted by a predominantly active ovarian pattern (Type 5). Approximately 20% of postmenarcheal females do not develop this active pattern. In a relatively persistent percentage of females a microcystic (Type 2) ovarian pattern was recognized throughout all postmenarcheal years, suggestive of a normal transitional pattern from Type 1 to Type 5 ovaries. In contrast, multicystic (Type 3), hyperthecosis (Type 4), polycystic ("Mickey Mouse") (Type 6) and silent (Type 7) ovaries appear to represent abnormal ovarian developments. Based on percentage distributions, it is tempting to speculate that multicystic (Type 3) and/or hyperthecosis (Type 4) ovaries represent precursor ovaries to Type 6 (polycystic) ovaries. Confirmation of this hypothesis would have major clinical importance for the early diagnosis of the polycystic ovarian syndrome.