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Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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TFEB and the CLEAR network.

Carmine Settembre1, Diego L Medina2

  • 1Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Pozzuoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Translational Science Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Methods in Cell Biology
|February 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discover new methods to study the Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) and its role in lysosomal function. This research explores TFEB

Keywords:
AutophagyCLEAR networkHigh content screeningLysosomal biogenesisLysosomal clearanceLysosomal exocytosisTFEBTFEB methodsTranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The lysosome's role is expanding beyond cellular catabolism.
  • Lysosomal nutrient sensing and lysosome-to-nucleus signaling are key discoveries.
  • The master transcriptional regulator, Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), coordinates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel procedures for examining TFEB function.
  • To facilitate research into TFEB-related cellular processes.
  • To advance understanding of lysosomal mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on TFEB phosphorylation by mTORC1 at the lysosomal surface.
  • Investigate TFEB nuclear translocation under mTOR inhibition (e.g., starvation, lysosomal stress).
  • Detail experimental protocols for TFEB function analysis.

Main Results:

  • Established procedures enable detailed examination of TFEB.
  • Methods allow for studying TFEB regulation by mTORC1.
  • The presented protocols support research into TFEB's role in cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • TFEB activation shows therapeutic potential for lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding TFEB and lysosomal function is crucial for developing innovative therapies.
  • The provided methods will aid further research in this rapidly advancing field.