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Dentin and pulp sense cold stimulus.

Masayuki Tokuda1, Shoko Tatsuyama1, Mari Fujisawa1

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Medical Hypotheses
|February 11, 2015
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Transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member-8 (TRPM8) channels are expressed in human, mouse, and rat odontoblasts and dental pulp cells. These findings suggest TRPM8 channels may function as cold sensors in teeth, potentially contributing to dentin hypersensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Cellular physiology
  • Sensory neuroscience

Background:

  • Dentin hypersensitivity is a common dental issue.
  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in odontoblasts are known sensors of mechanical and thermal stimuli.
  • These channels regulate odontoblastic functions like sensory transduction and dentin formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and potential role of TRP melastatin subfamily member-8 (TRPM8) channels in odontoblasts and dental pulp cells.
  • To determine if TRPM8 channels are present in human, mouse, and rat dental tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of TRPM8 expression in isolated rat odontoblasts and cultured human dental pulp cells (HPCs) and mouse odontoblast-lineage cells (OLCs).
  • RT-PCR and Western blotting to detect TRPM8 channel expression in HPCs and OLCs.
  • Utilized dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) markers for odontoblast identification.

Main Results:

  • TRPM8 channels were confirmed in primary cultured HPCs and OLCs.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed TRPM8 expression in acutely isolated rat odontoblasts.
  • RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed TRPM8 expression in HPCs and OLCs.
  • TRPM8 channels are expressed in odontoblasts and dental pulp cells across rat, mouse, and human species.

Conclusions:

  • Odontoblasts and dental pulp cells express TRPM8 channels in multiple species.
  • TRPM8 channels are hypothesized to function as cold sensors in teeth.
  • This finding may offer insights into the mechanisms underlying dentin hypersensitivity.