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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
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Prokinetics in gastroparesis.

Andres Acosta1, Michael Camilleri1

  • 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|February 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prokinetic agents improve gastrointestinal motility and are crucial for managing gastroparesis. Metoclopramide is the primary U.S. treatment, with new agents under development.

Keywords:
DomperidoneErythromycinGhrelinMetoclopramidePharmacologyPyridostigmineReceptorRelamorelinSerotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prokinetic agents enhance gastrointestinal motility by coordinating muscular contractions.
  • Gastroparesis management involves dietary therapy and prokinetic treatment, balancing risks and benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide comprehensive information on prokinetic agents for gastroparesis treatment.
  • To discuss the role of prokinetic therapy in improving gastric emptying and gastroparesis symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on prokinetic agents.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines and approved medications for gastroparesis.

Main Results:

  • Metoclopramide is the first-line prokinetic therapy in the United States, being the only FDA-approved medication for gastroparesis.
  • Newer prokinetic agents are emerging for gastroparesis management.

Conclusions:

  • Prokinetic therapy is a key component in managing gastroparesis.
  • Balancing the benefits and risks of prokinetic agents is essential for effective treatment.