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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

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Nuclear Reprogramming and Mitosis--how does mitosis enhance changes in gene expression?

Richard P Halley-Stott1

  • 1a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Anzio Road, Observatory , Cape Town , South Africa.

Transcription
|February 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear reprogramming alters cell identity. Recent studies show that mitosis, a cell division process, significantly improves the success of nuclear reprogramming, offering new insights into cell fate changes.

Keywords:
GV, Germinal VesicleH2BK120, Histone H2B lysine 120K4me3, Lysine 4 trimethylK9me3, Lysine 9 trimethylcell cyclecell fusioncell identityiPSiPS, induced Pluripotent Stemmitosisnuclear transferpluripotentreprogrammingtranscription

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Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
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Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

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Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear reprogramming is a process that reverts somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
  • Gene expression programs are critical for maintaining cell identity.
  • The role of cell division in reprogramming is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine recent findings on the role of mitosis in nuclear reprogramming.
  • To contextualize the significance of cell division in enhancing reprogramming efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of experimental data from cited studies.

Main Results:

  • Mitosis plays a crucial role in enhancing the success of nuclear reprogramming.
  • Cell division provides a unique cellular environment that facilitates reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between mitosis and nuclear reprogramming can advance regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into the mechanisms underlying mitosis-enhanced reprogramming is warranted.