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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension
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Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension

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[Resistant hypertension : What is it?].

F C Luft1

  • 1Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Kooperation zwischen dem Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin und der Medizinischen Fakultät der Charité, Lindenbergerweg 80, 13125, Berlin, Deutschland, luft@charite.de.

Der Internist
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resistant hypertension, where blood pressure remains high despite multiple medications, is a growing concern. Thorough patient evaluation is crucial to identify and manage these complex cases effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite optimal treatment.
  • Its prevalence is increasing globally.
  • Excluding pseudo-resistance and secondary causes is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose:

  • To challenge the notion that all resistant hypertension cases are amenable to specific treatments.
  • To highlight the existence of truly resistant hypertension.
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.

Summary:

  • The study questions the universal efficacy of minoxidil or mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in all resistant hypertension cases.
  • A case is presented where even intensive treatments failed to control blood pressure.
  • This underscores the reality of genuine resistant hypertension.

Impact:

  • Suggests that a subset of patients may have hypertension resistant to all current therapeutic approaches.
  • Advocates for rigorous diagnostic workups, including history, physical examination, drug level monitoring, and exclusion of secondary causes.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes by identifying and managing truly resistant hypertension.