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Two different rickettsial bacteria invading Volvox carteri.

Kaoru Kawafune1, Yuichi Hongoh2, Takashi Hamaji3

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Rickettsial gene sequences were found in the nuclear genome of Volvox carteri strain EVE, suggesting multiple invasions by different rickettsial organisms. These findings indicate a broader association between rickettsiae and Volvox carteri than previously known.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Rickettsiaceae bacteria are primarily arthropod-associated.
  • Rickettsial endosymbionts have recently been identified in green algae, including Volvox carteri.
  • Previous findings indicated limited presence of these endosymbionts in specific algal strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of rickettsial gene-like sequences in Volvox carteri strain EVE, which lacks endosymbionts.
  • To perform comparative genomic analyses across multiple Volvox carteri strains.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of 13 Volvox carteri strains.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of rickettsial gene-like sequences.
  • Synteny comparison of rickettsial gene sequences.

Main Results:

  • An approximately 9-kbp DNA sequence with rickettsial gene-like regions was identified in the nuclear genome of Volvox carteri strain EVE.
  • These sequences are closely related to rickettsial genes from Pleodorina japonica, not Volvox carteri strain UTEX 2180.
  • Phylogenetic and synteny analyses confirmed the distinct origins of these sequences.

Conclusions:

  • At least two distinct rickettsial organisms likely invaded the Volvox carteri lineage.
  • One invasion may be ancestral to the Volvox carteri UTEX 2180 endosymbiont; the other is related to the Pleodorina japonica endosymbiont.
  • Endosymbiotic gene transfer from one rickettsial lineage may have occurred in a Volvox carteri ancestor, suggesting frequent loss of rickettsiae during host evolution.