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Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope AFM-SECM

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope AFM-SECM

Published on: February 10, 2021

Probing the interaction between air bubble and sphalerite mineral surface using atomic force microscope.

Lei Xie¹, Chen Shi, Jingyi Wang

¹Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|February 13, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Directly measuring bubble-mineral forces using atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals hydrodynamic and surface forces critical for froth flotation. Hydrophobic interactions enhance bubble attachment on conditioned sphalerite, improving mineral recovery.

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Area of Science:

Surface science and colloid chemistry
Mineral processing and materials engineering
Nanoscale force measurements

Background:

Air bubble-solid surface interactions are crucial in mineral froth flotation.
Understanding these forces at the nanoscale is key to optimizing flotation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly measure interaction forces between air bubbles and sphalerite mineral surfaces.
To investigate the influence of hydrophobicity and hydrodynamic conditions on bubble-mineral attachment.
To validate experimental findings with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

Utilized an atomic force microscope (AFM) bubble probe technique for direct force measurements.
Examined sphalerite surfaces with varying hydrophobicity (conditioned vs. unconditioned).
Applied Reynolds lubrication theory and augmented Young-Laplace equation for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

Hydrodynamic and surface forces critically govern bubble-mineral interaction and attachment.
Hydrophobic disjoining pressure is stronger for conditioned sphalerite, enabling attachment at higher velocities.
Increased salt concentration weakens electrical double layer forces, facilitating bubble-mineral attachment.

Conclusions:

Direct force measurements provide fundamental insights into bubble-mineral interactions in froth flotation.
The AFM bubble probe technique is a versatile method applicable to various mineral systems.
Findings contribute to the understanding and optimization of mineral processing technologies.