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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays
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[Ovarian stem cells- myth or reality?].

N Petrova, E Hristova

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |February 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Female fertility may not be fixed at birth. Recent research suggests adult ovaries might contain germline stem cells capable of producing new eggs, challenging established reproductive medicine dogma.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Context:

    • The established dogma in reproductive medicine posits that ovarian reserve is fixed during prenatal development.
    • This view suggests a finite pool of oocytes that inevitably declines with age.
    • This perspective has been a cornerstone of understanding female fertility potential.

    Purpose:

    • To review and summarize recent scientific literature challenging the traditional view of ovarian reserve.
    • To explore emerging evidence for the existence and function of germline stem cells in adult ovaries.
    • To provide a consolidated overview of data supporting oocyte formation in the postnatal period.

    Summary:

    • Recent scientific reports indicate the potential presence of germline stem cells within adult mammalian ovaries.

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  • These stem cells may possess the capacity for oocyte formation beyond the prenatal period.
  • This challenges the long-held belief that the oocyte pool is solely established before birth and cannot be replenished.

    • Impact:

    • This review could reshape our understanding of female reproductive potential and aging.
    • It opens new avenues for research into fertility preservation and treatments for infertility.
    • Findings may lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting ovarian function and oocyte regeneration.