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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

63
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
63
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

1
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
1
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

1.3K
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

782
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
782

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Xenotransplantation and Hepatitis E virus.

Joachim Denner1

  • 1Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.

Xenotransplantation
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Xenotransplantation risks include transmitting porcine microorganisms like hepatitis E virus (HEV). This review assesses HEV genotypes 3 and 4 risks in xenotransplantation and proposes elimination strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Xenotransplantation research
  • Infectious disease transmission
  • Virology

Background:

  • Xenotransplantation, using animal cells/tissues/organs in humans, carries zoonotic disease risks.
  • Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated into pig genomes.
  • Specified or designated pathogen-free (SPF/DPF) production can prevent most microorganism transmission, except for certain viruses like HEV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 transmission in xenotransplantation.
  • To identify methods for eliminating HEV gt3 and gt4 from pigs to ensure recipient safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HEV genotypes in pigs and humans.
  • Analysis of HEV transmission dynamics relevant to xenotransplantation.
Keywords:
hepatitis E virusporcine endogenous retrovirusesvirus safety of xenotransplantation

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  • Evaluation of HEV elimination strategies in swine populations.

    • Main Results:

    • HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are human viruses, posing severe risks to pregnant women.
    • HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are swine viruses that can infect humans, typically causing mild illness and are not considered a risk to pregnant women.
    • Eliminating HEV gt3 and gt4 from donor pigs is crucial for xenotransplantation safety.

    Conclusions:

    • HEV gt3 and gt4 represent a manageable risk in xenotransplantation, distinct from human HEV genotypes.
    • Implementing effective HEV elimination protocols in pigs is essential for safe xenotransplantation.
    • Further research into HEV eradication strategies is needed to advance xenotransplantation.