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Breath-holding spells in infants.
Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
|February 14, 2015
Summary
Breath-holding spells are common in healthy children aged 6–48 months, presenting as benign, seizure-like episodes. Diagnosis requires an electrocardiogram and anemia screening, with no further investigation needed.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Child Development
Background:
- Seizure-like episodes, including cyanosis and loss of consciousness, can occur in children.
- These episodes are often concerning for parents and may lead to unnecessary medical investigations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and characteristics of breath-holding spells in children.
- To clarify the necessary diagnostic investigations for breath-holding spells.
Main Methods:
- Clinical diagnosis based on patient history and observed episodes.
- Recommended investigations include electrocardiogram and anemia screening.
Main Results:
- Breath-holding spells are a common, benign, nonepileptic disorder in children aged 6 to 48 months.
- Episodes are triggered by emotional upset or minor injury and can involve cyanosis and syncope.
- These episodes, while frightening, have benign outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Breath-holding spells are a distinct clinical entity requiring a clinical diagnosis.
- Electrocardiogram and anemia screening are recommended to rule out other conditions.
- No further extensive investigations or specialist referrals are typically warranted after a clinical diagnosis.
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