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Small-for-gestational-age birth and maternal plasma antioxidant levels in mid-gestation: a nested case-control study
J M Cohen1,2, S R Kahn1,2, R W Platt1,3
1Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|February 14, 2015
Summary
Maternal plasma retinol levels in mid-pregnancy may increase the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, while carotenoid levels may reduce this risk. Further research is needed before nutritional interventions can be recommended.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Nutritional Science
- Perinatal Epidemiology
Background:
- Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth is a significant concern in perinatal health.
- Maternal nutritional status, particularly antioxidant levels, may influence fetal growth.
- Understanding these associations can inform strategies for preventing SGA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between maternal plasma antioxidant levels during mid-pregnancy and the risk of SGA birth.
- To determine if specific antioxidants like retinol and carotenoids are linked to SGA outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study nested within a population-based cohort.
- Recruited pregnant women before 24 weeks gestation, excluding those with pre-eclampsia or preterm delivery.
- Assayed plasma antioxidant levels in SGA cases (n=324) and controls (n=672) using logistic regression, adjusting for SGA risk factors.
Main Results:
- Elevated maternal plasma retinol levels were positively associated with an increased risk of SGA (adjusted OR 1.41).
- Higher levels of carotenoids (including beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin) were negatively associated with SGA risk (adjusted OR 0.64).
- No significant associations were found between SGA and lycopene or vitamin E forms.
Conclusions:
- Mid-pregnancy retinol levels may be linked to a higher risk of SGA.
- Carotenoid levels appear to be protective against SGA birth.
- Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and guide potential nutritional interventions for SGA prevention.
