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Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs

Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs

Published on: July 5, 2024

Tissue-engineered urinary conduits.

Max Kates¹, Anirudha Singh, Hotaka Matsui

¹James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans Street, Marburg 134, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA, mkates@jhmi.edu.

Current Urology Reports

|February 14, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue engineering aims to replace diseased bladders using autologous cells on biodegradable scaffolds. Early trials show promise for a durable neo-urinary conduit, though further development is needed.

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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

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Published on: August 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biomaterials Science
Urology

Background:

Tissue engineering offers a solution for bladder replacement in cystectomy patients by preserving healthy tissue.
Advances in cell biology and material science have enhanced bladder replacement techniques in animal models over 25 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To review preclinical and early human trial data for a novel tissue-engineered neo-urinary conduit (NUC).
To assess the potential of the NUC in regenerating native urinary tissue for bladder replacement.

Main Methods:

Utilizing autologous fat smooth muscle cells seeded onto synthetic, biodegradable scaffolds.
Implanting the seeded construct to create a passive channel connecting ureters to the skin surface.

Main Results:

Preclinical animal studies and a Phase I human trial of the NUC have been reviewed.
The NUC construct aims to regenerate native urinary tissue, serving as a bladder replacement.

Conclusions:

The development of a durable, effective tissue-engineered urinary conduit is still in its early stages.
Significant technical and experimental progress has been achieved in tissue-engineered bladder replacement.