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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
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Dating of iron gall ink using the dissolution-diffusion method.

Biao Li1, Peng Xie

  • 1Department of Document Examination, China Criminal Police University, No. 83 Tawan Street, Shenyang, 110854, China.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dating iron gall ink documents is crucial for authenticity. A new dissolution-diffusion method successfully aged iron gall ink samples over 40 months, establishing reliable dating curves.

Keywords:
dissolution-diffusion methoddocument examinationforensic scienceiron gall inksnatural agingthe age of iron gall ink entries

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Document Examination
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Iron gall ink is prevalent in questioned documents, making its dating critical for legal authenticity.
  • Assessing the age of iron gall ink entries is a key challenge in forensic document analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable method for dating iron gall ink entries.
  • To establish aging curves for iron gall ink under controlled and natural conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A dissolution-diffusion method was utilized to analyze iron gall ink samples.
  • Aging curves were generated by correlating dissolution-diffusion rates with ink age over 40 months.
  • Calibration curves were created to link ink component dissolution rates to aging under natural conditions.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully created aging curves for iron gall ink.
  • A mixed solution of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and anhydrous ethanol proved effective for dissolving iron gall ink dyes.
  • Factors such as ink brand, paper type, and stroke thickness influence dating accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dissolution-diffusion method provides a viable approach for dating iron gall ink.
  • Further research is needed to refine dating accuracy considering variations in ink, paper, and application.