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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner
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Hammertoe correction with k-wire fixation.

William C Kramer1, Michael Parman1, Richard M Marks2

  • 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Foot & Ankle International
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation is an effective, low-cost method for hammertoe correction, showing good maintenance of alignment with a low complication rate. Revision surgery was needed for 5.6% of recurrent deformities, with higher rates linked to metatarsophalangeal joint capsulotomy.

Keywords:
K-wireKirschner wirePIPclaw toecomplicationscorrectionhammertoelesser toes

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Foot and ankle surgery

Background:

  • Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation is a common, low-cost method for hammertoe correction.
  • Potential complications include pin-tract infection, migration, breakage, and deformity recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review a large experience with K-wire stabilization for hammertoe correction.
  • To analyze complication and recurrence rates associated with K-wire fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 1,115 hammertoe corrections performed by a single surgeon (1999-2013).
  • Procedures included proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthroplasty or fusion fixed with K-wires.
  • Data analyzed included follow-up duration, diagnoses, pin duration, concomitant procedures, recurrence, and complications.

Main Results:

  • Complications: 3.5% pin migration, 0.3% pin-tract infection, 0.1% pin breakage.
  • Recurrence: 5.6% recurrent deformities, 3.5% required revision surgery.
  • Higher revision rates observed with metatarsophalangeal joint capsulotomy (RR 3.20) and K-wire complications (RR 2.84).

Conclusions:

  • K-wire fixation provides good correction maintenance for hammertoe deformities.
  • The overall complication rate is relatively low.
  • K-wire fixation remains an effective and cost-efficient method for hammertoe correction.