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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Phase transformations in binary colloidal monolayers.

Ye Yang1, Lin Fu, Catherine Marcoux

  • 1Duke University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Box 90300 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA. yellen@duke.edu.

Soft Matter
|February 14, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed phase transformations in colloidal systems, revealing how crystal structures change with magnetic fields. The transformation pathway depends on crystal orientation and field strength, leading to smooth shear or martensitic plate formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Materials physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Microscopic phase transformations are challenging to observe directly.
  • Model colloidal systems allow real-space observation of particle dynamics and rearrangements.
  • Studying colloidal alloys provides insights into fundamental phase transition kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of diffusionless phase transformations between two crystal phases in a binary colloidal alloy.
  • To characterize the real-space dynamics of phase transitions in a tunable system.
  • To understand how external parameters influence transformation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments using quasi-two-dimensional binary colloidal alloys (magnetic and nonmagnetic spheres in ferrofluid).
  • Application of a tunable magnetic field to induce and control phase transitions.
  • Utilizing a theoretical model of hard spheres with point dipoles to guide experiments.

Main Results:

  • Observed formation of checkerboard and striped crystal phases dependent on magnetic field orientation.
  • Demonstrated that the transformation pathway between phases is sensitive to crystal orientation, field strength, and confinement.
  • Identified two distinct transformation pathways: smooth magnetostrictive shear and sudden martensitic plate formation.

Conclusions:

  • Colloidal systems offer a powerful platform for studying phase transformation mechanisms at the microscopic level.
  • The transformation pathway between crystal phases is highly tunable via external magnetic fields and system parameters.
  • Findings contribute to understanding fundamental principles of diffusionless phase transformations in condensed matter systems.