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Epidural opioids in children.
1Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Seattle, WA 98105.
Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|May 1, 1989
Summary
Spinal opioids offer expanding pain management options for children. This review covers anatomy, pharmacology, techniques, results, and potential complications for pediatric spinal opioid use.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Pain Management
- Neurosurgery
Background:
- Limited clinical experience exists regarding spinal opioid administration in pediatric patients.
- Growing evidence suggests potential benefits for managing pediatric pain.
- Understanding the nuances of pediatric anatomy and physiology is crucial for safe application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of spinal opioid use in children.
- To detail the anatomical considerations, pharmacological properties, and technical aspects of administration.
- To summarize outcomes and describe potential complications and side effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies and clinical experiences.
- Analysis of anatomical landmarks relevant to pediatric spinal procedures.
- Pharmacological review of opioid agents suitable for intrathecal or epidural administration in children.
Main Results:
- Spinal opioids can be effective for pediatric pain control when administered correctly.
- Successful outcomes are linked to precise technique and appropriate patient selection.
- Commonly reported side effects include nausea, vomiting, and pruritus, which are generally manageable.
Conclusions:
- Spinal opioid administration in children is a viable, albeit specialized, pain management modality.
- Further research and standardized protocols are needed to optimize safety and efficacy.
- A thorough understanding of risks and benefits is essential for clinicians.