Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

6.6K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
6.6K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.3K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.3K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

3.6K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
3.6K
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

63.4K
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
63.4K
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

4
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
4
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

37.5K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
37.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SUI in postmenopausal women: advantages of an intraurethral + intravaginal Er:YAG laser.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2023
Same author

Short-term effects of an erbium/neodymium laser combination in superficial dyspareunia: a pilot study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2022
Same author

The VELA experience: a strategic format.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2020
Same author

Sexual function after vaginal erbium laser: the results of a large, multicentric, prospective study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2020
Same author

Er:YAG laser in hysterectomized women with stress urinary incontinence: a VELA retrospective cohort, non-inferiority study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2020
Same author

Safety of vaginal erbium laser: A review of 113,000 patients treated in the past 8 years.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.1K

Hormone replacement therapy: who should be treated?

M Gambacciani1, M Levancini

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy - margamba@tin.it.

Minerva Ginecologica
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) offers benefits for symptomatic women, particularly those under 60 experiencing early menopause. Low-dose HRT may improve safety profiles in older women, but it is not recommended for sole prevention of osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease.

More Related Videos

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.8K
Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

60.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.1K
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.8K
Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

60.3K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Menopause Management

Background:

  • The last decade saw extensive re-evaluation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) risks and benefits.
  • Different HRT formulations and dosages present varied advantages for distinct female populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
  • To identify specific patient groups and menopausal stages where HRT is most advantageous.
  • To assess the safety profile of different HRT doses and combinations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical evidence on hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
  • Analysis of HRT efficacy and safety data across different age groups and menopausal statuses.
  • Evaluation of HRT's impact on menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • HRT is beneficial for women with premature or early menopause until the typical age of natural menopause.
  • Symptomatic women aged 50-59 within 10 years of menopause show significant benefits, including reduced CVD, fractures, and mortality.
  • Low-dose or ultra-low-dose HRT may offer a better safety profile in older women compared to standard doses.

Conclusions:

  • HRT can be advantageous for younger women experiencing premature or early menopause.
  • The most significant benefits of HRT are observed in symptomatic women within 10 years of menopause.
  • Current evidence does not support using HRT solely for preventing osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, or cognitive decline.