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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Subsequent T...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Chorioamnionitis: implications for the neonate.

Jessica E Ericson1, Matthew M Laughon2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Duke University & Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27715, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chorioamnionitis (CA), an inflammation of fetal membranes, increases with earlier births and can lead to serious infant complications. Antibiotics may help prevent CA and treat exposed newborns.

Keywords:
Fetal inflammatory responseMycoplasmaNeonatal sepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Chorioamnionitis (CA) is defined as inflammation of the fetal membranes.
  • Its incidence is inversely related to gestational age at birth.
  • Clinical suspicion of CA warrants pathologic placental assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical implications of chorioamnionitis.
  • To discuss its association with adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • To outline current understanding of prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chorioamnionitis.
  • Analysis of CA's impact on preterm birth and neonatal complications.
  • Evaluation of treatment protocols for CA.

Main Results:

  • CA is linked to premature birth, neonatal sepsis, and intraventricular hemorrhage.
  • The association with respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neurodevelopmental impairment is less clear.
  • Antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes decrease CA incidence and prolong gestation.

Conclusions:

  • CA is a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • Prevention strategies, including antibiotics for PROM, are crucial.
  • Further research is needed to clarify CA's role in certain developmental impairments and refine treatment protocols.