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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research
Published on: August 4, 2023
Harmonised Australian Reference Intervals for Serum PINP and CTX in Adults
Samuel D Vasikaran1, Sa Paul Chubb2, Peter R Ebeling3
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth and Fremantle Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia; ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia;
Abstract:
Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are classified as either formation or resorption markers. Their concentrations in blood or urine of adults are considered to reflect the rate of bone remodelling and may be of use in the management of patients with bone disease. Major inter-method differences exist for BTMs, and harmonisation of methods is currently being pursued at an international level. Based on published data, this article describes age- and sex-specific Australian consensus reference intervals for adults for serum procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (s-PINP) and serum β-isomerised carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX).

