Bone augmentation with TiMesh. autologous bone versus autologous bone and bone substitutes. A systematic review

Reconstruction of segmental defects and the atrophic maxilla and mandible is performed using various techniques. Bone substitutes have received a wealth of reports in the literature demonstrating a long-term success when used in alveolar bone augmentation procedures.

We reviewed articles comparing TiMesh GBR technique with different percentage of bone: autogenous bone alone (AB); anorganic bovine bone alone (ABB); 50:50 or 70:30. From an initial pool of 122, we selected 14 studies. ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test was used for statistical analysis.

We present a table analysing fundamental parameters to value a successful GBR therapy. Autogenous bone remains the gold standard in GBR technique with TiMesh; however, the combination between AB/ABB in relation 50:50 and 70:30 allows reducing surgical cost exploiting properties of eterologous bone.

The use of autologous bone is associated with a height and width gain of bone, which are greater compared to other techniques, with a lower exposure of the mesh and a lower bone resorption. The use of heterologous graft leads to a lower bone earn and to percentage of resorption greater than autologous graft but does not differ from the gain and resorption of the bone of AB/ABB in percentage 50:50 and 70:30.