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The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

166
The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions01:29

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

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Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

154
A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

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Liquid-vapor interfaces of patchy colloids.

A Oleksy1, P I C Teixeira2

  • 1Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto 2, P-1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patchy colloids exhibit unique liquid-vapor interfaces with unusual thickening and hairy structures due to specific bonding. These phenomena challenge traditional fluid behavior, offering new insights into complex fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloid Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Patchy colloids are model systems with directional interactions, crucial for understanding complex fluid behavior.
  • Reentrant liquid-vapor coexistence and low-density liquid phases are unusual phenomena observed in specific colloid models.
  • The liquid-vapor interface properties are fundamental to understanding phase transitions and material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the liquid-vapor interface properties of a 2A9B patchy colloid model.
  • To calculate surface tension, density, and association profiles at the interface.
  • To explore the impact of different bond types (AB and BB) on interface structure and thermodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized density-functional theory (DFT) based on Wertheim's first-order perturbation theory of association.
  • Calculated interfacial properties including surface tension, density profiles, and degree of association.
  • Analyzed the influence of temperature and inter-colloid attractions (AB and BB bonds) on interface morphology.

Main Results:

  • Observed unusual interface thickening at low temperatures in systems dominated by AB bonds.
  • Surface tension versus temperature curve showed a maximum, consistent with Landau-Safran theory.
  • Identified a 'hairy' interface structure with vapor density but bulk liquid chain length, which is suppressed by strong BB attractions.

Conclusions:

  • The 2A9B patchy colloid model exhibits unique interfacial behaviors, including thickening and hairy structures, driven by specific directional bonding.
  • Competition between AB and BB attractions modulates interfacial properties, restoring monotonic temperature dependence of surface tension.
  • Strong BB attractions lead to behavior similar to atomic fluids, highlighting the role of bonding in complex fluid interfaces.