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Related Concept Videos

Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Polar Coordinates01:24

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The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

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The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
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A conic section can be defined in polar coordinates as the set of all points whose distance from a fixed point, known as the focus, bears a constant ratio to their distance from a fixed line, known as the directrix. This constant ratio is called the eccentricity. This definition unifies all types of conic sections—ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas—under a single framework. When the focus is positioned at the origin of the polar coordinate system, a single polar equation can...
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The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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100 kHz Mueller polarimeter in reflection configuration.

Aymeric Le Gratiet, Sylvain Rivet, Matthieu Dubreuil

    Optics Letters
    |February 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel setup enables high-speed Mueller matrix polarimetry at 100 kHz using spectral coding. This technique simplifies optical design and is crucial for advanced multimodal imaging applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Imaging
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Mueller matrix polarimetry is a powerful technique for characterizing the polarization properties of materials.
    • High-speed polarimetry is essential for dynamic measurements and imaging of biological tissues.
    • Existing methods often face limitations in speed or optical complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-speed Mueller matrix polarimetry system.
    • To enable multimodal imaging by integrating polarimetry with microscopy.
    • To investigate the impact of optical components on reflection-based polarimetry.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of spectral coding of polarization.
    • Utilization of a swept laser source and photodiode for a simplified optical setup.

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  • Measurement of Mueller matrices at a 100 kHz repetition rate.
  • Analysis of the polarimetric response of a cube beam splitter in reflection configuration.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstration of a 100 kHz repetition rate for Mueller matrix measurements.
    • Validation of the system using reference samples for single-point measurements.
    • Illustration of the importance of system calibration for accurate polarimetric imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed setup offers a simple and efficient approach for high-speed Mueller polarimetry.
    • The system is suitable for integration into laser scanning microscopes for multimodal imaging.
    • Accurate calibration is critical for reliable performance in reflection-based measurements.