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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) significantly contributes to patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Anticoagulant therapy is the mainstay for VTE prevention and treatment.
  • Inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) serve as an alternative or adjunct to anticoagulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on IVCF utilization in VTE prevention and treatment.
  • To address clinical questions regarding the efficacy and safety of IVCFs.
  • To provide practice-based recommendations for optimal IVCF use.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on IVCFs in VTE.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting IVCF placement for primary prophylaxis.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes associated with IVCF use.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supporting IVCF efficacy for primary prophylaxis in high-risk patients is limited.
  • Liberalized indications for retrievable IVCFs have increased their use.
  • Indiscriminate IVCF use may lead to patient harm and increased healthcare costs.

Conclusions:

  • Best practices for IVCF utilization require a thorough understanding of the existing literature.
  • Careful consideration is needed to balance potential benefits against risks and costs.
  • Guidance on challenging clinical scenarios involving IVCFs is essential for providers.