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Microbial growth under supercritical CO2.

Kyle C Peet1, Adam J E Freedman1, Hector H Hernandez1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|February 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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Microbes, specifically Bacillus species, can surprisingly grow in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), challenging its role as a sterilizing agent. This discovery impacts understanding of microbial activity during geologic carbon dioxide sequestration (GCS).

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is typically considered a sterilizing agent due to its detrimental effects on microbial cells.
  • Geologic carbon dioxide sequestration (GCS) involves storing CO2 in deep subsurface environments, where microbial life is often assumed to be inhibited by scCO2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microbial viability and growth in environments containing supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2).
  • To isolate and identify microorganisms capable of thriving under scCO2 conditions relevant to geologic carbon dioxide sequestration (GCS).

Main Methods:

  • Enrichment cultures were established from samples collected at GCS target sites under pressurized bioreactor conditions with scCO2.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze microbial community composition.
  • Isolation and identification of bacterial strains, followed by verification of their growth capabilities under scCO2 headspace.

Main Results:

  • Six bacterial strains belonging to the genus Bacillus (including B. cereus, B. subterraneus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. safensis, and B. megaterium) were successfully isolated.
  • These Bacillus isolates are spore-forming, facultative anaerobes capable of germination and growth under scCO2.
  • Several Bacillus type strains also demonstrated growth under scCO2, suggesting this capability may be common among spore-forming Bacillus species.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial activity can occur at the interface between supercritical carbon dioxide and aqueous phases, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • The growth of microorganisms under scCO2 conditions has significant implications for the fate and transport of sequestered CO2 in the deep subsurface.
  • Microbial processes may influence the effectiveness of different CO2 trapping mechanisms (structural, residual, solubility, and mineral) during GCS.