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Basic sexual trends in the development of vertebrates.

A Jost

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |March 14, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sexual development involves genetic, gonadal, and body sex, influenced by hormones. Hormonal control dictates body sex development, with variations observed across species, complicating a unified vertebrate sex differentiation concept.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Endocrinology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Sexual development proceeds through distinct stages: genetic sex, gonadal sex, and body sex.
    • Body sex encompasses the genital tract, secondary sex characteristics, and neural pathways for sexual behavior.
    • Hormonal control significantly influences body sex development, with default pathways differing between species.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the complex cascade of events in sexual development across vertebrates.
    • To investigate the role of hormonal control in determining body sex.
    • To reconcile observed variations in sex differentiation with existing theories.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on sexual development in mammals, birds, newts, lizards, and Xenopus.
    • Analysis of hormonal influences on body sex differentiation.
    • Examination of cases like freemartins and graft chimaeras to understand gonadal sex determination.

    Main Results:

    • In the absence of hormones, body sex develops according to the homozygous sex (e.g., female in mammals, male in birds).
    • Hormonal control is crucial for body sex development, leading to species-specific patterns.
    • Testicular dominance over ovaries is evident in certain intersex conditions (freemartins, chimaeras), irrespective of chromosomal sex.

    Conclusions:

    • A unifying concept for vertebrate sex differentiation remains challenging due to diverse hormonal controls and species-specific developmental pathways.
    • Hormonal factors play a critical role in shaping body sex and associated behaviors.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying sex differentiation across all vertebrates.

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