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Association between socioeconomic and biological factors and infant weight gain: Brazilian Demographic and Health

Jonas Augusto C Silveira1, Fernando Antônio B Colugnati2, Ana Paula Poblacion1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Jornal De Pediatria
|February 17, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Poverty and lower maternal education are linked to reduced infant weight gain. Addressing these socioeconomic factors is crucial for improving child nutrition outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Infant weight gain is a critical indicator of child health and development.
  • Socioeconomic and biological factors significantly influence infant growth trajectories.
  • Understanding these determinants is essential for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status, biological factors, and infant weight gain.
  • To identify key predictors of conditional weight gain (CWG) in infants aged 0-23 months in Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a nationally representative survey in Brazil (2006/07) with 1763 infants.
  • Employed simple and hierarchical multiple linear regression, accounting for complex survey design.
  • Applied the UNICEF Conceptual Framework for Malnutrition to structure hierarchical models.

Main Results:

  • Initial analysis showed inverse associations between poverty, rurality, and CWG.
  • These associations diminished after adjusting for maternal and household characteristics.
  • In the final model, lower economic status, limited maternal education, and maternal fever were associated with reduced CWG.

Conclusions:

  • Poverty and lower human capital remain significant factors associated with suboptimal infant postnatal weight gain.
  • The study effectively highlighted socioeconomic inequalities impacting infant growth.
  • The findings underscore the need for interventions addressing basic, underlying, and immediate causes of malnutrition.
Abstract

Keywords:
BrasilBrazilChildCriançaDistúrbios NutricionaisGanho de PesoInquéritosNutritional disordersSurveysWeight gain

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