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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.

Induced Electric Fields

Induced Electric Fields

The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Assembly of Reconfigurable Colloidal Structures by Multidirectional Field-Induced Interactions.

Bhuvnesh Bharti¹, Orlin D Velev¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|February 17, 2015

Summary

Complex particle assembly using fields creates intricate, multiscale structures. This review covers interactions, simulations, and how particle properties influence lattice formation for dynamic materials.

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Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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Published on: April 22, 2016

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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

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Area of Science:

Colloidal science and materials engineering.
Soft matter physics.
Nanotechnology and self-assembly.

Background:

Field-directed colloidal assembly advances structural complexity using particles with unique shapes and polarizabilities.
Janus, patchy, shaped, and faceted particles enable sophisticated self-assembly.
Progress hinges on understanding fundamental interactions and simulation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamentals of directed colloidal assembly with complex particles.
To explore simulation methods for assembly dynamics.
To analyze the impact of particle characteristics on resulting structures.

Main Methods:

Review of theoretical principles governing particle interactions (dipolar, quadrupolar, multipolar).
Discussion of simulation techniques for assembly dynamics.
Analysis of experimental systems utilizing electric and magnetic fields.

Main Results:

Directional polarization interactions in external fields assemble complex particles into tailored lattices.
Isotropic and anisotropic particles with surface patches form unusual network and crystal symmetries.
Particle size, shape, and properties critically determine the obtained structure.

Conclusions:

Field-directed assembly offers precise control over colloidal structures.
Complex particle designs and external fields enable the creation of novel materials.
Emerging trends focus on reconfigurable and dynamic colloidal systems.