Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 17, 2026
Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Gender assessment through three-dimensional analysis of maxillary sinuses by means of cone beam computed tomography
M Saccucci1, F Cipriani, S Carderi
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. matteo.saccucci@uniroma1.it.
Objective:
The availability of a low dose radiation technology such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dental practice has increased the number of scans available for forensic purposes. Moreover, specific software allows for three-dimensional (3D) characterization of the maxillary sinuses. This study was performed to determine whether sinus maxillary volumes can be useful to identify gender after validating the use of the Dolphin software as a tool for volumetric estimation of maxillary sinus volumes.
Patients And Methods:
The validation was performed by four different operators measuring the volume of six phantoms, where the real volume was already known. The maxillary sinus volumes of 52 patients (26 males and 26 females) mean age 24.3 were calculated and compared between genders and sagittal skeletal class subdivision. The measurements for patients and phantoms were based on CBCT scans (ILUMA™) processed by Dolphin 3D software.
Results:
No statistical difference was observed between the real volume and the volume measurements performed by the operators. No statistical difference was found in patient's maxillary sinus volumes between gender.
Conclusions:
Based on our results, it is not possible to support the use of maxillary sinuses to discern sexual difference in corpse identification.
