Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

106
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
106
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

77
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
77
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

2.4K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
2.4K
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

65
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
65
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

151
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
151
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

112
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
112

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Rehabilitation and Hospital Art on Mood of Inpatients in a Rehabilitation Ward: A Preliminary Study.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Advanced Cirrhosis: Diagnosis by Tm Mapping and Inflammatory Profiles of Extracellular Vesicles.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Decrease in HBsAg After TAF Switching from Entecavir During Long-Term Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Wilson's Disease Suspected to Involve a Novel Genetic Mutation of ATP7B Gene, Requiring a Differential Diagnosis with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2024
Same author

Hepatocellular carcinoma in a transplanted donor liver and colon cancer developing in a patient with a complex background: A case report.

Oncology letters·2024
Same author

Objective Response and Progression-Free Survival Contribute to Prolong Overall Survival in Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Oncology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K

Gut microbiota and liver diseases.

Masami Minemura1, Yukihiro Shimizu1

  • 1Masami Minemura, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|February 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota alterations are linked to liver diseases. Probiotic interventions show promise for managing these conditions, highlighting the importance of the gut-liver axis in disease development and treatment.

Keywords:
Gut microbiotaHepatic encephalopathyImmune systemLiver diseaseMetabolitesNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease

More Related Videos

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.6K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.6K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in diverse human diseases, including metabolic, allergic, gastroenterological, and liver conditions.
  • The liver is susceptible to gut microbial changes via portal circulation, establishing the liver-gut axis as crucial for liver disease pathophysiology.
  • Specific liver conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy, alcoholic liver disease, and hepatocarcinogenesis are significantly influenced by gut microbiota.

Discussion:

  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition and function are increasingly recognized as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases.
  • The bidirectional communication along the liver-gut axis plays a pivotal role in maintaining hepatic health and disease progression.
  • Understanding these microbial shifts is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.

Key Insights:

  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a significant factor in the development and progression of multiple liver diseases.
  • The liver-gut axis represents a critical pathway through which gut microbial imbalances impact liver health.
  • Probiotic-based therapies are being explored for their potential in preventing and treating liver diseases.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the specific mechanisms underlying gut microbiota's influence on liver diseases is warranted.
  • Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of probiotics and other microbiome-targeted interventions for liver diseases are ongoing.
  • Personalized microbiome modulation strategies may offer novel therapeutic avenues for liver disease management.