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Two integrator loop quadrature oscillators: A review.

Ahmed M Soliman1

  • 1Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

Journal of Advanced Research
|February 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details two integrator loop oscillator circuits that generate quadrature sinusoidal outputs. It classifies these circuits into four groups based on capacitor and resistor configurations, aiding in understanding their design and relationships.

Keywords:
Current conveyorCurrent feedback operational amplifierOp AmpOperational transresistance amplifierTwo integrator loop oscillatorsUnity gain cells

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Circuit Design
  • Oscillator Circuits

Background:

  • Two integrator loop oscillator circuits are crucial for generating quadrature sinusoidal outputs.
  • Existing literature presents various configurations with differing component requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify two integrator loop oscillator circuits.
  • To detail transformation methods between different circuit classes.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of circuits based on capacitor and resistor configurations (floating/grounded).
  • Identification of active building blocks for each class (Op Amp, OTRA, DCVC, CFOA, CCII, TA).
  • Analysis of transformation techniques between circuit classes.

Main Results:

  • Circuits are classified into four distinct groups based on component grounding and presence.
  • Most circuits utilize the minimum of two capacitors; one uses three.
  • Transformation methods for generating circuits from one class to another are presented.

Conclusions:

  • The paper provides a comprehensive classification of two integrator loop oscillator circuits.
  • Understanding the transformation methods facilitates the design and analysis of these oscillators.
  • The review highlights the versatility and interrelationships between different circuit topologies.