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Identity-level representations affect unfamiliar face matching performance in sequential but not simultaneous tasks.

Nadia Menon1, David White, Richard I Kemp

  • 1a School of Psychology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|February 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive models show faces have image-based and identity-specific representations. Manipulating identity attributions in working memory improved sequential face matching accuracy but not simultaneous matching.

Keywords:
Face recognitionFace recognition unitFace variabilityIdentity representationUnfamiliar face matching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Face Perception

Background:

  • Cognitive and neurological models posit two levels of face representation: image-based (instance-specific) and identity-specific (abstract).
  • Image-based representations capture transient details like lighting and pose, while identity-specific representations integrate information across encounters.
  • The role of abstract, identity-level representations in mediating face matching remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether identity-level representations influence performance in unfamiliar face matching tasks.
  • To determine if manipulating perceived identity attributions affects accuracy and response bias in face identification.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using unfamiliar face matching paradigms.
  • Participants were given instructions attributing either a single identity (1ID condition) or two distinct identities (2ID condition) to pairs of target images.
  • Performance was measured by accuracy on match/non-match trials and response bias in sequential and simultaneous matching tasks.

Main Results:

  • Identity attributions significantly impacted sequential face matching performance.
  • The 1ID condition led to improved accuracy on 'match' trials and a more liberal response bias compared to the 2ID condition.
  • This manipulation did not yield significant effects on simultaneous face matching performance.

Conclusions:

  • Identity-level representations, likely generated in working memory, play a crucial role in sequential unfamiliar face matching.
  • These representations influence the tolerance for image variation when making identity judgments.
  • The findings highlight the distinct processing mechanisms underlying sequential versus simultaneous face perception.