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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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[Clonal evolution in leukemia].

Ke-Fu Wu1, Guo-Guang Zheng1, Xiao-Tong Ma1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
|February 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Leukemia stem cells, the units of evolution in leukemia, originate from transformed hematopoietic stem cells or progenitors. Their clonal evolution follows a mosaic pattern, influencing disease progression.

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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The established theory of tumor cell population evolution is crucial for anti-tumor research and treatment.
  • Recent insights suggest cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the fundamental units of tumor evolution.
  • Ecological and evolutionary perspectives are increasingly applied to understand tumor and leukemia genesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origin and evolution of leukemia stem cells (LSCs).
  • To elucidate mechanisms of LSC formation and clonal evolution.
  • To discuss the implications of LSC evolution on leukemogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical and experimental data.
  • Analysis of LSC origin pathways.
  • Elucidation of LSC formation and clonal evolution mechanisms.
  • Study of sub-clonal mutations and clonal architectures in leukemia.

Main Results:

  • Two primary pathways for LSC origin identified: transformed hematopoietic stem cells or progenitors.
  • Mechanisms of LSC formation and clonal evolution have been elucidated.
  • A mosaic evolution pattern in leukemia, characterized by sub-clonal mutations and complex clonal architectures, is described.
  • Non-inherited mutations can accelerate malignant disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Leukemia stem cells play a pivotal role in the evolution of leukemia.
  • The mosaic or network mechanism is a key factor in leukemogenesis.
  • Understanding LSC evolution offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies.