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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
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Myogenesis in the genomics era.

Alexandre Blais1

  • 1Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|February 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review explores genomics techniques used to study skeletal muscle formation (myogenesis). It details how these methods reveal the transcriptional regulation crucial for muscle development and identifies future research directions.

Keywords:
chromatin structureepigeneticsmyogenesistranscription factorstranscriptional regulatory network

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Skeletal myogenesis is the complex process of muscle formation.
  • Muscle development involves precursor cell differentiation and is tightly regulated transcriptionally.
  • Functional genomics studies have significantly advanced our understanding of myogenic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genomics techniques applied to myogenesis research.
  • To assess the current understanding of myogenic regulation derived from these studies.
  • To identify future challenges and research opportunities in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large-scale functional genomics studies.
  • Analysis of various genomics techniques used in myogenesis research.
  • Synthesis of existing literature on transcriptional regulation in muscle development.

Main Results:

  • Genomics approaches have provided substantial insights into the transcriptional networks governing myogenesis.
  • Different genomics techniques offer unique perspectives on gene regulation during muscle formation.
  • A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory landscape is emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Genomics has been instrumental in deciphering the complexities of skeletal myogenesis.
  • Continued application and development of genomics techniques are essential for advancing our knowledge.
  • Addressing remaining challenges will further elucidate muscle development and disease mechanisms.