Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

263
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
263
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

358
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
358
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

4.5K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
4.5K
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

2.4K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
2.4K
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

5.3K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
5.3K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

825
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
825

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pre-liver transplant assessment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: An international survey.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Aetiology and outcomes of emergency admissions for chronic liver disease in England, 2012-2019: a national cohort study using administrative data.

BMJ open gastroenterology·2026
Same author

The burden of extrahepatic organ failures in European patients with cirrhosis.

Hepatology communications·2026
Same author

Not yet time to A-Tango in redefining acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Journal of hepatology·2026
Same author

Use of intracranial pressure monitoring and risk factors for the development of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure.

Journal of hepatology·2025
Same author

Plasmin-mediated proteolysis of von Willebrand factor in patients with acute and chronic liver disease.

Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis·2025
Same journal

How to establish and run a national ICU benchmarking registry.

Current opinion in critical care·2026
Same journal

Cardiogenic shock - toward phenotype-directed, precision management.

Current opinion in critical care·2026
Same journal

The future of critical care nutrition: from calorie counting to precision personalized metabolism therapy.

Current opinion in critical care·2026
Same journal

Editorial introduction.

Current opinion in critical care·2026
Same journal

Generative artificial intelligence for outcome prediction in critical care: the future is now?

Current opinion in critical care·2026
Same journal

Feeding under support in critical care illness: metabolic and nutritional management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy.

Current opinion in critical care·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.3K

Update on acute liver failure.

Arjuna Singanayagam1, William Bernal

  • 1Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Critical Care
|February 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Management of acute liver failure (ALF) is evolving. Recent evidence challenges traditional approaches to liver transplantation, steroid use, and antimicrobial prophylaxis, improving patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.4K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.3K
Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.4K
Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Transplantation

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) presents significant mortality despite advances in critical care and liver transplantation.
  • A lack of robust evidence has historically hindered optimal ALF management due to its rarity and heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the latest evidence in acute liver failure management.
  • To update clinicians on the current understanding and best practices for managing ALF.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and critical appraisal of recent literature on acute liver failure.
  • Analysis of evidence pertaining to transplant criteria, medical interventions, and supportive care.

Main Results:

  • Improved transplant-free survival in acetaminophen-induced ALF necessitates re-evaluation of transplant thresholds, potentially using liver regeneration biomarkers.
  • Corticosteroid use in autoimmune ALF may be detrimental in severe cases; acute kidney injury is more prevalent than previously thought.
  • Intracranial pressure monitoring shows no mortality benefit; novel coagulation assays suggest rebalanced coagulation in liver failure. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis and extracorporeal liver support remain debated.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional ALF management principles require re-evaluation, including transplant criteria for acetaminophen overdose and steroid use in autoimmune ALF.
  • The necessity of routine antimicrobial prophylaxis and the utility of intracranial pressure monitoring are questioned.
  • Emerging evidence on coagulation and liver support systems indicates areas for further research and clinical consideration.