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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

136.6K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Current Density01:21

Current Density

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

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Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...
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Bond Polarity
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Boundary Conditions for Current Density01:25

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

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Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.
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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Hydrogen-hydrogen bonding: the current density perspective.

Paolo Della Porta1, Riccardo Zanasi, Guglielmo Monaco

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy.

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Summary

This study reveals that intermolecular hydrogen-hydrogen (H-H) interactions exhibit current density patterns similar to intramolecular ones. This current strength correlates with potential energy density and dissociation energy, offering insights into chemical bonding and stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen-hydrogen (H-H) interactions are fundamental in chemistry.
  • Characterizing H-H bonding requires robust theoretical methods.
  • Current density analysis offers a novel perspective on electronic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare current density patterns in intermolecular and intramolecular H-H interactions.
  • To establish a relationship between H-H current strength and interaction energy.
  • To explore the influence of external fields on H-H bonding in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of current density plots derived from quantum chemical calculations.
  • Identification of bond critical points (BCPs) and associated vortices.
  • Examination of H-H interactions in closed-shell systems and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Main Results:

  • A characteristic two-vortex pattern in current density plots for intermolecular H-H interactions at the BCP.
  • Correlation found between H-H current strength, potential energy density at the BCP, and dissociation energy.
  • Intramolecular H-H interactions exhibit similar current patterns, indicating shared bonding characteristics.
  • External magnetic fields can alter diatropic vortices in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, revealing antiaromatic influences.

Conclusions:

  • Current density patterns provide a quantitative measure of H-H interaction strength and stability.
  • The findings support the concept of H-H bonding and offer a method for its characterization.
  • Electronic current analysis is a valuable tool for understanding bonding in diverse chemical systems.