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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

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Related Experiment Video

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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening

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Published on: October 26, 2017

Circulating microRNAs: potential biomarkers for common malignancies.

Samantha Khoury¹, Nham Tran

¹School of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Biomarkers in Medicine

|February 19, 2015

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small molecules regulating genes, are linked to diseases like cancer. Circulating miRNAs in bodily fluids show promise as potential cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:

cancer circulating microRNA diagnostic biomarkers prognostic biomarkers

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Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening

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Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
miRNAs control a significant portion of mammalian protein-coding genes.
Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with disease, particularly cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of circulatory microRNAs.
To discuss the potential of circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on microRNAs in bodily fluids.
Analysis of research on miRNA expression in cancer patients.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs are found in various bodily fluids.
Circulating miRNAs show potential for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

Circulatory miRNAs represent a promising avenue for non-invasive cancer biomarker development.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.