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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Gene-environment interaction in dyslipidemia.

Christopher B Cole1, Majid Nikpay, Ruth McPherson

  • 1aAtherogenomics Laboratory bRuddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|February 19, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interactions between genetic and environmental factors influence plasma lipid levels, potentially explaining heritability gaps. Understanding these complex relationships can guide personalized lifestyle interventions for lipid disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Lipoprotein Metabolism

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants linked to plasma lipid traits.
  • Existing research highlights the impact of dietary and environmental factors on lipid metabolism.
  • A significant portion of heritability for plasma lipid traits remains unexplained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how interactions between genetic risk factors and other phenotypes contribute to the missing heritability of plasma lipid traits.
  • To explore the interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental/clinical factors in lipid regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies investigating gene-environment and gene-phenotype interactions.
  • Analysis of statistical interactions between behavioral factors (smoking, exercise), diet, adiposity, and genetic variants.
  • Examination of effects on plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels.

Main Results:

  • Statistical interactions between environmental factors (smoking, exercise, diet) and genetic risk factors significantly affect plasma lipid fractions.
  • Adiposity measures modify the cumulative impact of common genetic variants on plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.
  • Identified novel biological processes involved in lipoprotein metabolism through genetic associations.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions between genetic risk factors and clinical phenotypes are crucial for understanding unexplained heritability in plasma lipid traits.
  • These findings offer biological insights into genetic associations and can help identify patients who may benefit most from targeted lifestyle interventions.
  • Personalized medicine approaches can be enhanced by considering gene-environment interactions for managing dyslipidemia.