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Quantitative analysis and modeling probe polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.

Simon Blanchoud1, Coralie Busso2, Félix Naef3

  • 1Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Biophysical Journal
|February 19, 2015
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Summary

This study reveals that cooperative interactions are essential for establishing cell polarity in C. elegans embryos. The findings also show that PAR protein diffusion, not cortical flows, is most sensitive to temperature changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell polarity is crucial for metazoan development and homeostasis.
  • PAR proteins at the cell cortex are key regulators of cell polarity.
  • The spatiotemporal interactions of PAR proteins are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess polarity establishment in one-cell stage C. elegans embryos.
  • To refine an existing mathematical model of cell polarity using experimental data.
  • To investigate the influence of embryo size and temperature on polarity establishment.

Main Methods:

  • Time-lapse microscopy and quantitative image analysis of C. elegans embryos.
  • Likelihood-based calibration of a mathematical model.
  • Analysis of polarity dynamics across a range of temperatures and embryo sizes.

Main Results:

  • Cooperativity is necessary for both anterior and posterior PAR protein complexes.
  • PAR domain dimensions remain robust despite variations in embryo size, consistent with a model of fixed protein concentrations.
  • PAR protein diffusion is significantly affected by temperature, while cortical flows are not.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative framework for understanding cell polarity dynamics.
  • Cooperative PAR protein interactions are fundamental for establishing polarity.
  • Temperature primarily impacts PAR protein diffusion, highlighting its role in polarity establishment robustness.