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Quantifying environmental limiting factors on tree cover using geospatial data.

Jonathan A Greenberg1, Maria J Santos2, Solomon Z Dobrowski3

  • 1Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental limiting factors (ELFs) were detected across the Lake Tahoe Basin, with cold temperatures and evaporative demand limiting tree cover in specific areas. Unmeasured factors significantly influence tree cover distribution throughout the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Forestry

Background:

  • Environmental limiting factors (ELFs) define the thresholds for biological responses to environmental conditions.
  • Quantifying ELFs typically requires large sample sizes, posing a challenge for ecological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect and spatially map ELFs influencing percent tree cover on the eastern slopes of the Lake Tahoe Basin.
  • To determine the extent to which unmeasured environmental factors limit tree cover.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized wall-to-wall geospatial data across a large spatial extent to ensure inclusion of rare data points.
  • Tested mean temperature, minimum temperature, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and PET minus precipitation (PET-P) as potential ELFs.

Main Results:

  • System-wide limitations on tree cover were observed, with temperature and evapotranspiration showing evidence of limitation.
  • Only 1.2% of the study area was limited by the four tested environmental factors, indicating the influence of unmeasured factors.
  • Non-forest sites (<25% tree cover) were limited by cold mean temperatures, open-canopy sites (25-60% tree cover) by evaporative demand, and closed-canopy forests showed no specific environmental limitation.

Conclusions:

  • The detection of ELFs is crucial for understanding the full range of environmental limitations species face.
  • Unmeasured environmental factors play a substantial role in limiting tree cover in the Lake Tahoe Basin.
  • Specific environmental factors differentially limit tree cover depending on the existing canopy density.