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Longitudinal changes in cortical thinning associated with hypertension.

Christopher E Gonzalez1, Jennifer Pacheco, Lori L Beason-Held

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Hypertension (HTN) accelerates brain thinning, particularly in specific cortical regions. Midlife blood pressure and its variability are key factors contributing to this accelerated brain atrophy over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Cross-sectional studies link hypertension (HTN) to reduced brain volumes and thinner cortices.
  • Previous research indicates associations between HTN and brain atrophy in prefrontal, temporal, and hippocampal regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association between hypertension and cortical thinning.
  • To examine the impact of midlife blood pressure, BP variability, and HTN duration on brain atrophy rates.

Main Methods:

  • Followed 96 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging over 8 years.
  • Compared cortical thinning rates between hypertensive (n=49) and normotensive (n=47) individuals.
  • Analyzed effects of midlife BP, intervisit BP variability, and HTN duration on regional cortical thinning.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive individuals exhibited increased cortical thinning rates in specific regions, including the frontomarginal gyrus and right hemisphere temporal, fusiform, and orbitofrontal cortex.
  • Higher midlife BP and longer HTN duration predicted accelerated thinning in the right superior temporal gyrus.
  • Greater systolic blood pressure variability, but not diastolic, predicted increased thinning in the right superior temporal gyrus, frontomarginal gyrus, and occipital pole.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is associated with significantly increased rates of cortical thinning compared to normotension.
  • Midlife blood pressure levels and intervisit blood pressure variability are significant contributors to longitudinal differences in brain atrophy.
  • Findings highlight the detrimental long-term effects of hypertension on brain structure.