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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

162.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
162.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

23.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
23.3K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

40.7K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
40.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.8K
8.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.7K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.7K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP for RNA Isolation from Endothelial Cells In Vivo
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Joining forces to drive biomedical translation

Tim Z Shi1, Hong Liang1, Xiaokun Liang1

  • 1Tim Z. Shi, Hong Liang, and Xiaokun Liang are the Executive Director, Project Manager, and Educator, respectively, at the GlobalMD Organization, Beijing Office, Beijing, China.Qimin Zhan is Vice President and Professor at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.Kerong Dai is Director and Professor at Bone and Joint Research Center, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.Barbara M. Alving is Professor at University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA.Depei Liu is Professor at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.Jianping Dai is Vice Chairman of the Chinese Medical Association and Professor at Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.Anantha Shekhar is Senior Vice Dean at University of Indiana, Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA.Xiaobing Fu is Director and Professor at Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Corresponding author.

Science Translational Medicine
|February 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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