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Laboratory methods to detect antiphospholipid antibodies
Steven A Krilis1, Bill Giannakopoulos2
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.
Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|February 20, 2015
Summary
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) involves clinical features and autoantibodies like beta 2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). This review covers diagnostic testing, triple positivity significance, and updated laboratory guidelines for APS detection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Clinical Pathology
Background:
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by blood clots and pregnancy complications.
- Beta 2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is a key autoantigen in APS pathogenesis.
- Pathogenic anti-β2GPI autoantibodies play a crucial role in disease development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical features and diagnostic landscape of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
- To discuss the role of beta 2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and anti-β2GPI autoantibodies in APS.
- To provide an evidence-based guide for APS laboratory testing, including triple positivity and updated guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical features, autoantigens, and autoantibodies in APS.
- Analysis of evidence-based considerations for APS diagnostic testing.
- Review of recent laboratory guidelines for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2GPI assays.
- Exploration of nonclassification criteria laboratory assays for potential future utility.
Main Results:
- Clinical manifestations of APS are diverse and impact multiple organ systems.
- Anti-β2GPI autoantibodies are central to APS pathogenesis, with specific characteristics identified.
- Triple positivity (multiple APS assay positivity) holds significant clinical importance.
- Updated laboratory guidelines provide standardized methods for APS detection.
Conclusions:
- Understanding APS clinical features and the role of β2GPI is essential for diagnosis.
- Current laboratory guidelines enhance the accuracy of APS diagnosis.
- Further research into novel laboratory assays may improve future diagnostic capabilities for APS.
